What is Pleural Effusion?
Pleural effusion is the abnormal accumulation of fluid between the layers of the pleura, which are the membranes lining the lungs and chest cavity. This condition can lead to significant respiratory distress and requires immediate medical attention.
Asbestos: Chronic exposure can lead to pleural plaques and effusions.
Aminoglycosides: These antibiotics can cause nephrotoxicity, leading to fluid imbalance and effusion.
Chemotherapeutic agents: Drugs like methotrexate can cause pleural effusion as a side effect.
Heavy metals: Lead and mercury can induce systemic toxicity, resulting in pleural effusion.
Shortness of breath
Chest pain
Cough
Fever (if the effusion is due to an infectious agent)
How is Pleural Effusion Diagnosed?
The diagnosis of pleural effusion generally involves imaging studies such as chest X-rays, ultrasound, or CT scans. Further,
thoracentesis (needle aspiration of pleural fluid) can be performed to analyze the fluid and determine its cause. Analyzing the
pleural fluid for cell count, protein levels, and the presence of toxins can provide critical clues regarding the underlying etiology.
What Are the Treatment Options?
Treatment of pleural effusion due to toxic exposure involves addressing both the effusion itself and the underlying cause. Common interventions include:
Thoracentesis to remove the accumulated fluid.
Administration of
diuretics to reduce fluid buildup.
Treating the underlying toxic exposure, such as chelation therapy for heavy metal poisoning.
Supportive care, including oxygen therapy and pain management.
