Toxicokinetics involves the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of toxic substances. Age affects these processes significantly. For instance, the capacity for absorption may be reduced in neonates due to immature gastrointestinal systems, whereas in the elderly, slowed gastric emptying can alter drug absorption. The distribution of toxins is also age-dependent, with body composition changes affecting the volume of distribution. In terms of metabolism, enzyme activity varies with age, impacting the rate at which substances are processed. Finally, excretion efficiency, particularly renal function, can decline with age, affecting the elimination of toxins.
