The development of 3D cardiac tissue models involves bioprinting and scaffold-based techniques, which allow for the assembly of human cardiac cells into three-dimensional structures. These methods integrate various cell types, such as cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, to recreate the heart's native environment. The use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is particularly promising, as they can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes, offering a patient-specific approach to modeling.
