How Can We Measure Cytokine Levels in Toxicological Studies?
In toxicological studies, cytokine levels can be measured using several techniques. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a common method used to quantify cytokines in serum, plasma, or tissue samples. Other techniques include flow cytometry, multiplex bead arrays, and real-time PCR for cytokine mRNA expression. These methods help assess the impact of toxins on cytokine production and inflammation.
