Environmental toxicants can significantly impact ecosystems by disrupting the balance of natural processes. These substances can enter the environment through industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, and improper waste disposal. Once in the ecosystem, they can bioaccumulate in the food chain, affecting species at various trophic levels. For example, heavy metals like mercury and lead can poison aquatic life and birds. Persistent organic pollutants, such as pesticides, can cause mutations and reduce biodiversity, leading to ecosystem instability.
