Exposure to hazardous waste can occur through various pathways, including inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact. Toxicological studies have shown that such exposure can lead to a range of health effects, from acute symptoms like headaches and nausea to chronic conditions such as cancer, neurological disorders, and reproductive issues. The impact on health is influenced by factors such as the type of contaminant, concentration, duration of exposure, and individual susceptibility.