Pathological changes can manifest in various forms, including inflammation, necrosis, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Inflammation is a common response to toxic injury, characterized by redness, swelling, and pain, as the body attempts to isolate and repair damaged tissue. Necrosis refers to the death of cells or tissues, often resulting from severe injury that overwhelms the cell's ability to recover. Fibrosis involves the excessive accumulation of connective tissue, often leading to organ dysfunction. Carcinogenesis is the process by which normal cells transform into cancer cells, often linked to chronic exposure to carcinogens.
