Psychoactive substances work by altering the communication between neurons in the brain. They can either mimic the action of naturally occurring neurotransmitters or interfere with their normal functioning. For instance, substances like alcohol and benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, leading to a calming effect. On the other hand, stimulants such as amphetamines increase the levels of dopamine, creating heightened alertness and energy.
