The mechanism of damage often begins with the inhalation of harmful substances. Once inhaled, these substances can cause direct irritation to the mucous membranes, leading to inflammation, edema, and increased mucus production. Prolonged exposure can result in chronic conditions such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and even lung cancer. The severity of the damage depends on the concentration and duration of exposure, as well as the toxicant's chemical properties.
