How Do Toxic Substances Interact with Biological Molecules?
Toxic substances can interact with biological molecules in various ways, leading to adverse effects. These interactions can involve:
1. Chemical Reactions: Some toxins may chemically react with cellular components, leading to their modification or destruction. 2. Binding to Receptors: Many toxins exert their effects by binding to specific proteins called receptors, thereby disrupting normal cellular functions. 3. Oxidative Stress: Some toxicants can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress, damaging proteins, lipids, and DNA.
