The BER pathway involves several steps: 1. Damage Recognition: Specific DNA glycosylases recognize and remove the damaged base, creating an abasic site (AP site). 2. AP Site Processing: An AP endonuclease cleaves the DNA backbone at the AP site. 3. DNA Synthesis: DNA polymerase fills in the missing nucleotide. 4. Ligation: The nick in the DNA strand is sealed by a DNA ligase.
