LDL can become oxidized (oxLDL), which is more reactive and can contribute to inflammation and endothelial damage. Oxidized LDL is taken up by macrophages, leading to the formation of foam cells and the development of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques can rupture, causing acute cardiovascular events. Additionally, oxLDL can induce the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines, further promoting inflammatory responses.
