The toxic effects of oleandrin primarily arise from its impact on the cardiovascular system. By inhibiting the sodium-potassium ATPase, oleandrin disrupts the normal ionic balance within cells. This disruption can lead to arrhythmias, which are irregular heartbeats that can be fatal. Additionally, oleandrin can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well as neurological symptoms like confusion and seizures.
