The effectiveness of alternative methods can vary depending on the specific context and application. In many cases, these methods have shown to be highly effective in predicting human toxicity and have been integrated into regulatory frameworks. For instance, in vitro and in silico methods have been successfully used in the cosmetics industry where animal testing is banned in several regions. However, these alternatives often complement rather than completely replace animal testing, as some complex biological interactions are still challenging to replicate outside of a living organism.
