The assessment of potential toxicity involves various methods to evaluate how a substance interacts with biological systems. These methods include in vitro (test tube) experiments, in vivo (animal) studies, and computational modeling. Toxicologists use these approaches to determine the dose-response relationship, which indicates the amount of a substance needed to cause a toxic effect. The LD50 (lethal dose, 50%) is a common measure used to estimate the toxicity of a substance.
