The standard deviation is calculated by taking the square root of the variance. The variance is determined by averaging the squared differences between each data point and the mean of the dataset. In toxicology, this might involve data such as the dose-response relationship or environmental concentration measurements. The formula for standard deviation is:
SD = sqrt((Σ(xi - xÌ)²) / (N - 1))
where SD is the standard deviation, xi represents each data point, xÌ is the mean of the data, and N is the number of data points.
