In toxicology studies, UPR activation can be measured by assessing the levels of biomarkers such as BiP (Binding immunoglobulin Protein), CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein), and phosphorylated eIF2α. These biomarkers are upregulated during UPR activation, indicating ER stress. Techniques like Western blotting, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence are commonly used to quantify these markers.
