Graphene can be produced through several methods, each with its own implications for health and safety. The most common methods include:
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): In this method, graphene is grown on metal substrates. The process involves the decomposition of carbon precursors, which can release hazardous gases. Mechanical Exfoliation: Often referred to as the "Scotch tape method," this involves peeling layers of graphene from graphite. While simple, the method is not viable for large-scale production. Liquid Phase Exfoliation: This involves dispersing graphite in a liquid medium to produce graphene. Solvents used in this process can be toxic and pose inhalation risks. Reduction of Graphene Oxide: This involves chemically reducing graphene oxide to produce graphene. The chemicals used in this reduction process can be hazardous if not handled properly.
