Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly used classes of anti-inflammatory agents. They work by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which is involved in the production of prostaglandins, chemicals that promote inflammation. Common NSAIDs include aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Despite their efficacy, NSAIDs are associated with potential toxicities, including gastrointestinal bleeding, renal impairment, and cardiovascular risks.
