Despite the advances, toxicology faces several challenges. One primary issue is the vast number of chemicals that need to be assessed for safety. With thousands of new substances introduced each year, traditional toxicology methods can be time-consuming and costly. Additionally, there is a need for more comprehensive data on the long-term effects of low-dose exposure to multiple chemicals, often referred to as the cocktail effect. Another challenge is bridging the gap between laboratory findings and real-world scenarios. While in vitro and computational models offer valuable insights, translating these findings to predict human and environmental impacts remains complex.
