Endpoints can be classified into several categories based on the level of biological organization they affect:
Biochemical or Molecular Endpoints: These include changes in
biomarkers, gene expression, enzyme activity, and receptor binding. Molecular endpoints can provide early indicators of toxic effects.
Cellular Endpoints: These involve changes in cell viability, proliferation, and functionality. Observing cellular responses can give insights into potential organ-level effects.
Organ or Systemic Endpoints: These include effects on specific organs, such as the liver, kidneys, or nervous system. Systemic endpoints can manifest as changes in behavior, physiology, or metabolism.
Whole-Organism Endpoints: These are observed in the entire organism and include mortality, growth, reproduction, and development.
Ecotoxicology often focuses on whole-organism endpoints to assess environmental impacts.
