There are several methods by which data can be manipulated in toxicology:
Selecting or Omitting Data: Researchers might selectively report data that supports their hypothesis while omitting contradictory data. Data Fabrication: Creating false data points or results to fit a desired outcome. Statistical Manipulation: Using statistical methods to skew results, such as p-hacking to obtain statistically significant results. Cherry-picking: Choosing specific data sets or results that support a particular conclusion while ignoring others.
