Interspecies Uncertainty Factor: Accounts for differences between animals and humans, typically a factor of 10. Intraspecies Uncertainty Factor: Accounts for human variability, again usually a factor of 10. Subchronic to Chronic Exposure Factor: Applied when only short-term study data are available, often a factor of 10. Data Quality Factor: Used to account for limitations or deficiencies in the data, which can vary depending on the data quality. LOAEL to NOAEL Factor: Applied when only a Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (LOAEL) is available instead of a NOAEL, generally a factor of 10.
