While nitrites themselves are not inherently harmful, their conversion into N-nitroso compounds has raised health concerns. Animal studies have shown that these compounds can induce cancer in various organs, including the esophagus and stomach. Epidemiological studies in humans have provided mixed results, with some suggesting an increased risk of stomach cancer associated with high intake of nitrite-preserved foods. Additionally, nitrites can cause methemoglobinemia, a condition where hemoglobin is unable to effectively release oxygen to body tissues, particularly in infants.
