Several factors can contribute to overdispersion in toxicological data:
Heterogeneity: Populations exposed to toxicants may vary in their sensitivity or response due to genetic, environmental, or physiological differences. Measurement error: Inaccuracies in data collection or measurement can introduce additional variability. Unmeasured variables: Factors not accounted for in the model, such as the presence of other toxic substances or differing exposure durations, can lead to overdispersion. Biological interactions: Interactions between different chemicals or biological processes can create complex response patterns that are not captured by simple models.
