Several factors influence toxic outcomes, including the dose of the substance, route of exposure, duration of exposure, and the individual's genetic makeup. For instance, a small dose of a particular chemical might be harmless, whereas a higher dose could be lethal. The route of exposure—whether inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin—also plays a significant role in determining the toxic effect. Moreover, individuals have varying levels of susceptibility due to genetic differences, making personalized toxicology a growing area of interest.
