Several sophisticated techniques are employed in confirmatory exams, including:
- GC-MS: This method combines gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to separate, identify, and quantify compounds. It is widely regarded as the gold standard for drug analysis. - HPLC: This technique uses liquid chromatography to separate compounds, often coupled with mass spectrometry for enhanced detection. - LC-MS: Similar to GC-MS, this method is particularly useful for analyzing non-volatile compounds. - FTIR: Used to identify organic, polymeric, and in some cases, inorganic materials by measuring the absorption of infrared radiation. - ICP-MS: This method is effective for detecting metals and several non-metals at low concentrations.
