Several pharmaceutical and recreational drugs have been implicated in the development of heart failure and atrial fibrillation. For example, long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been associated with heart failure. Stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines can precipitate atrial fibrillation by increasing heart rate and blood pressure. Additionally, certain chemotherapy agents are known to have cardiotoxic effects.
