G-proteins are intermediaries that link receptor activation to adenylate cyclase. They are crucial in the regulation of cAMP production. Toxins that target these proteins can either activate or inhibit adenylate cyclase. For example, cholera toxin modifies the Gs protein, maintaining adenylate cyclase in an active state, while pertussis toxin prevents the inhibition of the Gi protein, indirectly affecting adenylate cyclase activity.
