Which Cations are Commonly Involved in Toxicological Processes?
Several cations are integral to toxicological processes due to their biological significance or potential for toxicity. Notable examples include:
Sodium (Na+) - Essential for nerve function but can lead to toxicity in high concentrations, causing hypertension and other cardiovascular issues. Potassium (K+) - Vital for cellular function but excessive levels can result in hyperkalemia, affecting heart rhythm. Calcium (Ca2+) - Important for bone health and cellular processes but can contribute to toxicity when interacting with other toxic metals. Iron (Fe2+/Fe3+) - Essential for oxygen transport but in excess, can cause oxidative stress and damage to tissues. Magnesium (Mg2+) - Crucial for enzyme function but imbalances can lead to neurological and muscular problems.
