The vulnerability of these populations is due to several factors. For children, their developing organs and metabolic systems mean they cannot detoxify chemicals as effectively as adults. Pregnant women face changes in their physiology and metabolism, which can alter how chemicals affect both the mother and the developing fetus. The elderly often have weakened immune systems and decreased organ function, making them more susceptible to chemical injuries. Additionally, individuals with pre-existing conditions already have compromised health, which can be exacerbated by further toxic exposures.