Several methods are used to assess variability in human response:
1. In vitro studies: These involve testing on cultured cells to understand how genetic variations influence toxicity. 2. Animal models: These can provide insights, but differences between species must be considered. 3. Epidemiological studies: Observational studies in human populations can identify factors that contribute to variability. 4. Pharmacogenomics: This involves studying how genetic differences affect drug response and can be applied to understand variability in toxicity. 5. Biomarkers: These are biological indicators that can help in assessing exposure and susceptibility to toxic substances.
