Endothelial dysfunction can be assessed using several methods: - Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD): This non-invasive ultrasound technique measures the dilation of the brachial artery. - Biomarkers: Levels of biomarkers such as endothelin-1, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and C-reactive protein (CRP) can indicate endothelial dysfunction. - Imaging Techniques: Advanced imaging techniques like MRI and PET scans can also help assess endothelial function.
