Toxins can affect the thyroid gland through various mechanisms. Some substances may disrupt the synthesis of thyroid hormones, interfere with hormone secretion, or alter the peripheral metabolism of these hormones. For example, exposure to heavy metals like lead and mercury can impair thyroid function. Similarly, certain industrial chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins have been shown to disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis.
