During the 19th and 20th centuries, toxicology began to establish itself as a scientific discipline. The development of analytical chemistry allowed for the detection and quantification of toxic substances in various matrices, revolutionizing the field. The industrial revolution introduced new chemicals and pollutants, necessitating a deeper understanding of industrial toxicology. Advances in biochemistry and pharmacology further enriched the study of toxicology, as scientists began to unravel the mechanisms of action of toxic agents at the molecular level.
