How Do Chemical Exposures Compromise the Immune System?
Chemical exposures can compromise the immune system through direct and indirect mechanisms. Directly, toxicants may damage or kill immune cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages, critical for pathogen defense. Indirectly, chemicals can disrupt signaling pathways and hormone levels, altering immune responses. For example, exposure to lead can result in reduced antibody production, while dioxins can interfere with cytokine signaling.
