How Do Co-Stimulatory Molecules Affect Immune Responses to Toxins?
When the immune system encounters a toxin, co-stimulatory molecules are crucial for determining the nature and magnitude of the immune response. For instance, toxins that are able to upregulate co-stimulatory signals may enhance T-cell activation, potentially leading to inflammation and tissue damage. Conversely, toxins that suppress co-stimulatory signals might impair the immune system's ability to respond, increasing susceptibility to infections and chronic diseases.
