Detoxifying agents function through several mechanisms:
1. Adsorption: Some agents adsorb toxins, preventing their absorption into the bloodstream. Activated charcoal is a classic example, often used in cases of oral poisoning.
2. Chemical Neutralization: Certain agents chemically neutralize toxins. For instance, sodium bicarbonate can neutralize acidic substances, reducing their harmful effects.
3. Chelation: This process involves binding to heavy metals, forming complexes that are more easily excreted. Agents like EDTA and dimercaprol are used for heavy metal poisoning.
4. Metabolic Enhancement: Some agents enhance the body's metabolic processes to detoxify substances more efficiently. N-acetylcysteine is used to replenish glutathione levels, crucial for acetaminophen overdose management.
5. Facilitation of Excretion: Some agents increase the elimination of toxins. Diuretics may be used to enhance the renal excretion of certain poisons.
