MAPKs function through a series of phosphorylation events, wherein a cascade of protein kinases sequentially activate each other. This pathway begins with the activation of MAPK kinase kinases (MAP3Ks), followed by MAPK kinases (MAP2Ks), and culminates in the activation of MAPKs. The three main MAPK pathways are the ERK, JNK, and p38 pathways, each responsive to different environmental stimuli.
