Metabolism plays a crucial role in the detoxification and elimination of toxicants. The process, primarily occurring in the liver, involves two phases:
Phase I Reactions: These involve oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis, often mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Phase I reactions aim to increase the reactivity of the toxicant, making it more water-soluble. Phase II Reactions: In this phase, conjugation reactions occur, attaching polar groups to the toxicant, further increasing its solubility for excretion through urine or bile.
