The mechanisms of action of plant toxins vary depending on their chemical structure. Alkaloids, for example, can interfere with the nervous system of herbivores, leading to paralysis or death. Terpenoids often disrupt cell membranes or interfere with cellular respiration. Phenolics can inhibit digestive enzymes, making the plant material less nutritious or even indigestible. Glycosides, upon ingestion, can release toxic aglycones that affect heart function or other physiological processes.
