Several structural features can influence a chemical's toxicity:
Functional Groups: Specific groups of atoms within a molecule, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, or amino groups, can significantly alter a compound's biological activity. Molecular Size and Shape: These factors can affect how a molecule is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by an organism. Polarity: A molecule's polarity can influence its solubility in water or lipids, which affects its ability to cross cell membranes. Presence of Rings or Double Bonds: These can affect a molecule’s reactivity and stability, influencing its potential to cause harm.
