Toxicants can influence the intrinsic pathway in several ways. They may induce oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial damage and triggering apoptosis. For example, heavy metals such as cadmium and mercury can disrupt mitochondrial function and promote the release of cytochrome c. Additionally, some toxicants may interfere with the Bcl-2 family of proteins, tipping the balance towards apoptosis. Understanding these interactions is crucial for assessing chemical toxicity and potential health risks.
