Toxicologists employ a range of methods to assess chemical safety, including in vitro studies, in vivo studies, and epidemiological research. In vitro studies involve testing chemicals on isolated cells or tissues, providing initial insights into their potential toxic effects. In vivo studies use animal models to understand how chemicals affect whole organisms. Epidemiological studies, on the other hand, investigate the effects of chemical exposure in human populations, often providing the most relevant data for public health.
