Biomarker Discovery: By analyzing gene expression profiles from GEO, researchers can identify biomarkers that indicate exposure to specific toxins. Mechanistic Insights: GEO datasets help in elucidating the mechanisms of action of toxic substances by revealing affected pathways and networks. Comparative Toxicogenomics: GEO enables comparisons across multiple studies to find common gene expression patterns associated with toxicity. Exposure Assessment: Expression profiles can be used to assess the degree of exposure and potential impacts of environmental chemicals.