The interaction between toxins and cytokine production is complex. Some toxins can directly stimulate the production of cytokines, while others may inhibit it. For instance, certain bacterial toxins, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are known to induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukins. Conversely, some toxins might suppress cytokine production, which can weaken the immune response and make the body more susceptible to infections.
