Toxins can impact mitochondrial function through several mechanisms:
1. Oxidative Stress: Toxins can increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within mitochondria, leading to oxidative damage of mitochondrial DNA, lipids, and proteins. 2. Inhibition of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC): Some toxins directly inhibit components of the ETC, impairing ATP production and increasing ROS generation. 3. Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore (mPTP): Certain toxins can induce the opening of the mPTP, leading to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of pro-apoptotic factors. 4. Interference with Mitochondrial DNA: Toxins can cause mutations or damage to mitochondrial DNA, impairing its replication and transcription.
