Various toxins can damage liver cells, leading to inflammation and eventual fibrosis (scarring). Chronic exposure to these substances can overwhelm the liver's ability to regenerate, resulting in cirrhosis. Key toxins include:
- Alcohol: Chronic alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of liver cirrhosis. Ethanol itself is toxic to liver cells, and its metabolism produces acetaldehyde, a highly reactive compound that further damages liver tissue. - Medications: Certain drugs, such as acetaminophen, when overdosed, can cause acute liver injury, potentially leading to cirrhosis. Long-term use of medications like methotrexate or isoniazid can also contribute to liver damage. - Environmental Toxins: Exposure to industrial chemicals, such as vinyl chloride and carbon tetrachloride, can lead to liver damage and cirrhosis over time. - Herbal Supplements: Some herbal remedies contain hepatotoxic compounds that can cause liver injury if used improperly.
