The pathophysiology of ARDS involves an inflammatory response to lung injury. Toxic agents can damage the alveolar-capillary membrane, leading to increased permeability and fluid leakage into the alveoli. This fluid buildup prevents adequate oxygenation of the blood and removal of carbon dioxide, causing respiratory distress. The inflammatory process is often mediated by the release of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators, which further exacerbate lung damage.
