Epidemiological Studies: Observational studies in human populations help identify associations between exposure and health outcomes. Cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies are commonly used. Toxicological Experiments: Laboratory studies using cell cultures, animal models, and other experimental systems provide mechanistic insights and help establish biological plausibility. Statistical Analysis: Statistical techniques, such as regression analysis and meta-analysis, help quantify associations and assess the strength and consistency of evidence.
